![]() ![]() Due to difficulty in typesetting the overbar, the prime symbol is often used instead, as in X ′. Certain structures are represented by adding an overbar to the unit, as in X. X-bar theory makes use of overbar notation to indicate differing levels of syntactic structure. Overlines used in a version of the Bible in Persian (1920) Linguistics In Arabic writing and printing, overlines are traditionally used instead of underlines for typographic emphasis, although underlines are used more and more due to the rise of the internet. When Morse code is written out as text, overlines are used to distinguish prosigns and other concatenated character groups from strings of individual characters. In German it is occasionally used to indicate a pair of letters which cannot both be fitted into the available space. The most famous is the distress signal, SOS.Īn overline-like symbol is traditionally used in Syriac text to mark abbreviations and numbers. Some Morse code prosigns can be expressed as two or three characters run together, and an overline is often used to signify this. , and its corresponding antiparticle is denoted asĪn active low signal is designated by an overline, e.g. Overlines are used in subatomic particle physics to denote antiparticles for some particles (with the alternate being distinguishing based on electric charge). This is separately encoded in Unicode with the symbols using bar diacritics and appears shorter than other overlines in many fonts. Note, however, that abbreviations involving the letter h take their macron halfway up the ascending line rather than at the normal height for Unicode overlines and macrons: ħ. ![]() x, x̅, or x̄ for exceptus and its inflections ("except").q, q̅, or q̄ for quisque and its inflections ("every", "each").Letters with macrons or overlines continue to be used in medical abbreviations in various European languages, particularly for prescriptions. In most forms of Latin scribal abbreviation, an overline or macron indicates omitted letters similar to use of apostrophes in English contractions. Main articles: scribal abbreviation, medical abbreviation, and macron (diacritic) The macron is narrower than the character box. Marking one or more words with a continuous line above the characters is sometimes called overstriking, though overstriking generally refers to printing one character on top of an already-printed character.Īn overline, that is, a single line above a chunk of text, should not be confused with the macron, a diacritical mark placed above (or sometimes below) individual letters. In Latin, it indicates Roman numerals multiplied by a thousand and it forms medieval abbreviations ( sigla). The original use in Ancient Greek was to indicate compositions of Greek letters as Greek numerals. In old mathematical notation, an overline was called a vinculum, a notation for grouping symbols which is expressed in modern notation by parentheses, though it persists for symbols under a radical sign. JSTOR ( October 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Īn overline, overscore, or overbar, is a typographical feature of a horizontal line drawn immediately above the text.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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